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Desert Research Institute, Inc. America’s Fire Retardant Since 1958 · Cave Creek, Arizona · (480) 964-0200
  • Home
  • What Is Flame Retardant
  • Industry Terms
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  • Other DRI-ONE® Products
  • Fire Retardant Spray

Desert Research Institute, Inc. · Founded in Arizona · 1958

America’s Fire Retardant Since 1958

We make DRI-ONE®, the flame retardant liquid solution Fire Marshals and building officials have recognized for more than six decades. Founded in Arizona. Still headquartered in the Valley of the Sun. Still made in the USA.

See DRI-ONE® Liquid Solution Sizes & Coverage Calculator
ASTM E84 · Class AFlame spread, wood
NFPA 701Flame propagation, fabric
CA Title 19California flame retardant code, fabric
CSFM #C-027580California State Fire Marshal
Water-basedNon-toxic · Zero PBDEs

What we do

Flame retardant fire protection. One company, one job, since 1958.

Desert Research Institute, Inc. manufactures fire retardant and flame retardant treatments for the materials that actually catch fire first: raw wood, natural fabric, thatch, foam and other absorbent materials. We don’t sell a little of everything. We make the product, we test it, and we stand behind it.

Manufacture

DRI-ONE® products

DRI-ONE® Flame Retardant Liquid Solution for interior wood and fabric, and DRI-ONE® Exterior Protection for outdoor lumber, decks and fencing. Sizes from a 32 oz sprayer to a 275-gallon tote.

See the product line

Treat

Professional treatment service

Need it done for you? We treat bulk orders of fabric and lumber and issue treatment certificates for the inspector. Expedited turnaround is available for a fee.

Request treatment service

Certify

Certified suppliers & applicators

Lumber yards, fabricators, fire protection contractors and distributors can become certified DRI-ONE® suppliers, with volume pricing and territory.

Become DRI certified

Start here

What are you trying to protect?

Pick the material. We’ll tell you straight whether DRI-ONE® works on it and where to go next.

Why the name carries weight

Fire Marshals know DRI-ONE® by name.

DRI-ONE® has been applied in government buildings, schools, daycares, nuclear facilities and private homes for over sixty years. It meets ASTM E84 Class “A” flame spread on wood, the Steiner Tunnel Test, it meets NFPA 701 and California Title 19 for fabric, and it’s registered with the California State Fire Marshal, #C-027580. Those are the tests inspectors and building officials check in major metropolitan areas across the United States and in many other countries.

It’s a water-based liquid. No mixing, no dilution. Spray it, brush it, roll it or dip it, and it penetrates and bonds to the cellular structure of the material. Once it’s dry it’s clear, it has no odor, and you can paint or stain right over it.

What does Class A mean?

Class A on wood

ASTM E84 flame spread classification, the top rating, on treated raw wood.

NFPA 701 on fabric

The flame propagation standard most often required for drapes, curtains and stage fabric.

Non-toxic

Water-based, non-hazardous, zero PBDEs. Built for occupied spaces like daycares and homes.

Made in USA

Family-owned and manufactured in America by the same company since 1958.

Arizona-born

Founded in the desert. Still in the Valley of the Sun.

Desert Research Institute, Inc. was founded in Arizona in 1958, and our headquarters is still here in the Valley of the Sun. Out here, dry fuel and heat are a fact of life, and that’s the environment this company grew up in. Almost seven decades later we’re still family-owned, still manufacturing in the USA, and still leading the way for fire protection in the modern world.

Our name is ours alone in the fire retardant business: Desert Research Institute, Inc., Cave Creek, Arizona, maker of DRI-ONE®.

Trusted by organizations including

ASUPalo VerdeAce HardwareDisneylandTactical ConcealmentPrestige PaintingADB Building SupplyArabian Horse AssociationAmerican Quarter Horse AssociationAmerican Saddlebred Horse Association

Quick answers

Common questions

Who makes DRI-ONE® flame retardant?
DRI-ONE® is made by Desert Research Institute, Inc., a family-owned company founded in Arizona in 1958 and headquartered in Cave Creek, Arizona. Every gallon is made in the USA.
Is DRI-ONE® Class A fire protection?
Yes on wood. DRI-ONE® meets ASTM E84 Class “A” flame spread for wood, the Steiner Tunnel Test. On fabric it meets NFPA 701 and California Title 19.
Is fire retardant the same as flame retardant?
In everyday use, yes. Both describe a treatment that slows ignition and stops flame from spreading across a material. Fire resistant and fireproof mean different things. Our guide to what flame retardant is breaks down the difference.
Where is Desert Research Institute, Inc. located?
Our headquarters is in Cave Creek, Arizona, in the Valley of the Sun. Call (480) 964-0200, Monday to Friday, 6:00am to 3:30pm Arizona time.
Where can I buy DRI-ONE®?
Order direct at DRI-ONE.com with free shipping to the lower 48 states, or on Amazon. Sizes run from a 32 oz quart sprayer up to a 275-gallon tote.

Get protected

Find the right size for your job.

Enter your square footage and we’ll tell you how many gallons of DRI-ONE® you need and which containers to order.

Open the coverage calculatorCall (480) 964-0200

Desert Research Institute, Inc. Founded in Arizona in 1958. Maker of DRI-ONE® Flame Retardant Liquid Solution. Made in the USA.

Headquarters

Desert Research Institute, Inc.
29455 N. Cave Creek Rd #118630
Cave Creek, AZ 85331
(480) 964-0200
drione.fr@gmail.com
Mon–Fri 6:00am–3:30pm (Arizona time)

Learn

  • What is flame retardant?
  • Fire retardant terms
  • DRI-ONE® liquid solution
  • Other DRI-ONE® products
  • Fire retardant spray sizes

Buy DRI-ONE®

  • Shop at DRI-ONE.com
  • DRI-ONE® on Amazon
  • Treatment service
© 2026 Desert Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.DRI-ONE® is a registered trademark of Desert Research Institute, Inc.
Desert Research Institute, Inc. America’s Fire Retardant Since 1958 · Cave Creek, Arizona · (480) 964-0200
  • Home
  • What Is Flame Retardant
  • Industry Terms
  • DRI-ONE® Liquid Solution
  • Other DRI-ONE® Products
  • Fire Retardant Spray

Fire Science Basics · From the makers of DRI-ONE®

What Is Flame Retardant? How Fire Retardant Works

Straight answers on what flame retardant and fire retardant treatments do, what they can’t do, and how they differ from “fire resistant” and “fireproof.” No sales pitch until the end.

The short answer

A flame retardant is a treatment that makes a material harder to ignite and stops flame from spreading across it. Fire retardant means the same thing in everyday use. A treated material can still char and burn in a big enough fire, but it won’t carry flame the way untreated wood or fabric does. That buys time: time to get out, time for sprinklers and fire crews, time before a small fire becomes a room fire.

Fire needs three things: heat, fuel and oxygen, kept going by a chemical chain reaction. Flame retardants work by attacking one or more of those. Some pull heat out of the material. Some form a protective char layer on the surface so the fuel underneath can’t feed the flame. Some release water vapor or non-combustible gases that dilute the oxygen and fuel at the flame front.

The goal is simple: when the ignition source is taken away, the flame on the treated material goes out instead of climbing the wall.

The fire triangle

Tap a side to see how a flame retardant interrupts it.

Fire triangle: heat, fuel and oxygen HEAT OXYGEN FUEL CHAIN REACTION

Don’t mix these up

Fire retardant vs. flame retardant vs. fire resistant vs. fireproof

These four terms get used interchangeably in ads. They don’t mean the same thing, and an inspector knows the difference.

Types of treatment

The four ways materials get flame retardant protection

Every approach has a place. Here’s how they compare in the real world.

MethodHow it worksBest forThe catch
Pressure-treated FRT lumberChemicals forced into wood in a factory pressure cylinder.New construction where code calls for FRT wood.Must be bought pre-treated. Can’t be done to wood already on site.
Intumescent coatingsA paint-like film that swells into an insulating char when heated.Steel and finished surfaces.Sits on top of the surface. Covers the look of the material and adds a film.
Penetrating liquid treatmentA liquid soaks into the material and bonds with its fibers. This is DRI-ONE®.Raw wood, plywood, natural fabric, thatch and other absorbent materials, on site or in the shop.Only works on porous material. Needs periodic retesting outdoors or after washing.
Inherently flame resistant fabricThe fiber itself resists burning.New drapery and upholstery purchases.Doesn’t help the fabric you already own.

Know the limits

What flame retardant can’t do

Anyone who tells you a spray makes something fireproof is lying to you. Here’s the truth about treated materials.

  • It won’t make anything fireproof. Treated wood still chars in a sustained fire.
  • It can’t soak into painted, sealed, stained or water-repelled surfaces. Treat raw material first, finish it after.
  • It has nothing to bond to on metal, glass or other non-porous surfaces.
  • It doesn’t last forever outdoors or through the wash. Rain, UV and laundering pull it out over time, so you fire-test and retreat.
  • It doesn’t replace smoke alarms, sprinklers or an exit plan. It buys time for them to work.

Quick answers

Flame retardant questions people actually ask

Does fire retardant make wood fireproof?
No. Fire retardant makes wood harder to ignite and stops flame from spreading across its surface. In a large, sustained fire, treated wood will still char. The goal is to slow the fire down and keep it from spreading, which buys time to escape and to fight it.
What’s the difference between fire retardant and fire resistant?
Fire retardant describes a treatment applied to a material to slow ignition and flame spread. Fire resistant usually describes a material or an assembly, like a wall, that holds up under fire for a rated time, measured in hours under ASTM E119. They are tested differently and they aren’t interchangeable.
Is flame retardant spray toxic?
It depends on the product. Some older flame retardants, like PBDEs, were phased out over health concerns. DRI-ONE® is water-based, non-toxic and non-hazardous, contains zero PBDEs, and is used in daycares, schools and homes. Always read the safety data sheet for any product you use.
How long does flame retardant last?
Indoors and protected from sun and moisture, a penetrating treatment can last years. Fabric in direct sun should be retreated yearly, washed fabric right after every wash, and outdoor wood or roofs on a 3 to 5 year cycle. The only way to know is a fire test on a treated piece.
Can you paint over flame retardant?
With DRI-ONE®, yes. Apply it to raw material first, let it dry completely, then paint, stain, seal or prime as normal. It does not work the other way around.

Next

See how DRI-ONE® does it.

Class A on wood, NFPA 701 on fabric, water-based, and made in Arizona since 1958.

DRI-ONE® Liquid SolutionIndustry terms

Desert Research Institute, Inc. Founded in Arizona in 1958. Maker of DRI-ONE® Flame Retardant Liquid Solution. Made in the USA.

Headquarters

Desert Research Institute, Inc.
29455 N. Cave Creek Rd #118630
Cave Creek, AZ 85331
(480) 964-0200
drione.fr@gmail.com
Mon–Fri 6:00am–3:30pm (Arizona time)

Learn

  • What is flame retardant?
  • Fire retardant terms
  • DRI-ONE® liquid solution
  • Other DRI-ONE® products
  • Fire retardant spray sizes

Buy DRI-ONE®

  • Shop at DRI-ONE.com
  • DRI-ONE® on Amazon
  • Treatment service
© 2026 Desert Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.DRI-ONE® is a registered trademark of Desert Research Institute, Inc.
Desert Research Institute, Inc. America’s Fire Retardant Since 1958 · Cave Creek, Arizona · (480) 964-0200
  • Home
  • What Is Flame Retardant
  • Industry Terms
  • DRI-ONE® Liquid Solution
  • Other DRI-ONE® Products
  • Fire Retardant Spray

Fire Retardant Glossary · 40 terms

Fire Retardant Terms & Class A Ratings, Explained

The words inspectors, specs and product labels use, in plain English. Search it, filter it, and see exactly where Class A sits on the flame spread scale.

Class A fire protection

What “Class A” actually measures

Class A is the top flame spread classification for building materials and interior finishes. The rating comes from the ASTM E84 tunnel test (also published as UL 723), often called the Steiner Tunnel Test. A sample about 24 feet long is mounted on the ceiling of a tunnel and exposed to a gas flame for 10 minutes. The test records how far and how fast flame travels along it, compared to inorganic cement board (0) and red oak flooring (100).

That number is the Flame Spread Index (FSI). Under the International Building Code, a material is Class A at 0 to 25, Class B at 26 to 75, and Class C at 76 to 200, and each class also requires a Smoke-Developed Index of 450 or less.

DRI-ONE® meets ASTM E84 Class “A” flame spread for wood, and it’s registered with the California State Fire Marshal, #C-027580.

Flame spread scale

Drag to any Flame Spread Index and see the class.

0–2526–7576–200200+

Reference points from the test method: inorganic reinforced cement board = 0, red oak flooring = 100. Classes per IBC Section 803. Always confirm what your local code and Fire Marshal require.

Glossary

Fire and flame retardant industry terms

Standards

ASTM E84

The standard tunnel test for surface burning characteristics of building materials. Produces the Flame Spread Index and Smoke-Developed Index used to assign Class A, B or C. Also known as the Steiner Tunnel Test.
Standards

UL 723

Underwriters Laboratories’ version of the ASTM E84 tunnel test. Same method, same results.
Standards

Steiner Tunnel Test

The nickname for ASTM E84 / UL 723, after the tunnel test apparatus. A roughly 24-foot sample burns for 10 minutes on the tunnel ceiling.
Standards

ASTM E2768

An extended 30-minute E84 test used to qualify fire-retardant-treated wood under the building code. Flame front may not progress more than 10.5 feet past the burner centerline.
Standards

ASTM E119

Fire-resistance test for building assemblies like walls, floors and roofs. Results are in hours, not flame spread. Different question, different test.
Standards

ASTM D2898

Accelerated weathering procedure for fire-retardant-treated wood meant for exterior use. Shows whether the treatment survives water exposure.
Standards

NFPA 701

Fire test for flame propagation of textiles and films. The standard most often required for drapes, curtains, stage curtains and fabric in public spaces. DRI-ONE® meets it on fabric.
Standards

NFPA 255

Former NFPA version of the E84 tunnel test, since withdrawn. Older specs and documents still cite it.
Standards

UBC 42-1

Uniform Building Code tunnel test standard, superseded when the International Building Code replaced the UBC. Still shows up on older certificates.
Standards

California Title 19

Part of the California Code of Regulations covering public safety, including State Fire Marshal rules on flame retardant chemicals and treated fabrics. DRI-ONE® meets Title 19 on fabric and is registered with the California State Fire Marshal, #C-027580.
Standards

NFPA 704

The diamond hazard label (health, flammability, instability, special) that tells emergency crews how dangerous a stored chemical is.
Standards

IBC

International Building Code. The model code most US jurisdictions adopt. Chapter 8 sets interior finish flame spread classes; Section 2303.2 covers fire-retardant-treated wood.
Ratings

Class A

Flame Spread Index 0–25 and Smoke-Developed Index 450 or less under ASTM E84. The top classification. Also called Class I.
Ratings

Class B

Flame Spread Index 26–75 and Smoke-Developed Index 450 or less. Also called Class II.
Ratings

Class C

Flame Spread Index 76–200 and Smoke-Developed Index 450 or less. Also called Class III.
Ratings

Flame Spread Index (FSI)

The number from ASTM E84 that compares how fast flame travels across a material against cement board (0) and red oak (100). Lower is better.
Ratings

Smoke-Developed Index (SDI)

The E84 measure of how much smoke a burning material gives off. Building code interior finish classes cap it at 450.
Ratings

Fire-resistance rating

How long, in hours, an assembly like a wall or door holds back fire under ASTM E119. Not the same as a flame spread class.
Ratings

Self-extinguishing

A material that stops burning on its own once the flame source is removed. The field test for DRI-ONE®: flame must go out within 2 seconds.
Ratings

Char length

How far a fabric sample burns in a vertical flame test. One of the measurements behind NFPA 701 results.
Treatment

Fire retardant

A treatment that slows ignition and stops flame from spreading across a material. Interchangeable with flame retardant in everyday use.
Treatment

Flame retardant

Same meaning as fire retardant. More common when talking about fabric and chemistry.
Treatment

Fire resistant

Describes a material or assembly that holds up under fire for a rated time. Different from a fire retardant treatment.
Treatment

Fireproof

Marketing language. No test standard uses it, and no spray makes organic material fireproof.
Treatment

FRT wood

Fire-retardant-treated wood, factory pressure-impregnated and qualified under ASTM E2768 for code-required uses.
Treatment

Surface-applied treatment

A fire retardant applied on site or in the shop by spray, brush, roll or dip, rather than in a factory pressure cylinder.
Treatment

Penetrating treatment

A liquid that soaks into the material and bonds with its fibers instead of forming a film on top. DRI-ONE® is a penetrating treatment.
Treatment

Intumescent coating

A paint-like coating that swells into an insulating char when heated. Common on steel. Forms a film on the surface.
Treatment

Leaching

A treatment washing out of the material over time from rain, moisture or laundering. The reason outdoor and washable items need retreatment.
Treatment

Retreatment interval

How often treated material should be fire-tested and retreated. Depends on sun, weather and washing, from right after laundering to every 3–5 years.
Treatment

Treatment certificate

A signed record of what was treated, when, with what, and to which standard. Fire Marshals ask for it.
Chemistry

PBDEs

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Older brominated flame retardants phased out in the US over health and environmental concerns. DRI-ONE® contains zero PBDEs.
Chemistry

Char layer

The carbon crust that forms on treated wood or cotton when heated. It shields the material underneath and starves the flame of fuel.
Chemistry

Pyrolysis

Heat breaking a material down into flammable gases before it ever flames. Fire retardants change this process so less fuel gas is released.
Chemistry

Water-based

Uses water as the carrier instead of a solvent. Low odor, easy cleanup, but it can freeze, so it shouldn’t be applied or stored below freezing.
Application

Coverage rate

Square feet one gallon treats. DRI-ONE® averages 200 sq ft per gallon on lumber and similar materials, based on 60+ years of field data, and 140 sq ft per gallon on natural textiles.
Application

Dip treatment

Fully submerging material in the treatment. DRI-ONE® supports a 30-second dip tank for yard or mill quantities of lumber.
Application

Saturation

Treating until the material is fully wetted through. Heavy or dense fabrics need both sides treated to get there.
Application

Defensible space

The cleared and treated buffer around a structure that slows wildfire. Treating dead vegetation and thatch is part of it in some regions.
Application

AHJ / Fire Marshal

The Authority Having Jurisdiction, usually the local Fire Marshal or building official, who decides what is accepted in your project. Ask them first.

No terms match. Try a shorter word, or call us at (480) 964-0200.

Quick answers

Class A and rating questions

What is a Class A fire rating?
Class A is the best flame spread classification under ASTM E84 (UL 723). It means a Flame Spread Index of 0 to 25 with a Smoke-Developed Index of 450 or less. Class A materials spread flame the slowest and are required in the most demanding locations, such as exits and corridors in many occupancies.
Is Class A the same as fireproof?
No. Class A describes how slowly flame travels across a surface. It says nothing about how long a wall or assembly survives a fire, which is a fire-resistance rating in hours under ASTM E119. Nothing organic is fireproof.
What is the difference between ASTM E84 and NFPA 701?
ASTM E84 measures flame spread on building materials like wood, using a 24-foot tunnel. NFPA 701 tests how flame travels on fabrics and films like drapes, curtains and stage scenery. DRI-ONE® meets ASTM E84 Class “A” on wood and NFPA 701 on fabric.
What is California Title 19?
Title 19 of the California Code of Regulations covers public safety, including the State Fire Marshal’s rules for flame retardant chemicals and treated fabrics. California’s requirements are among the strictest in the country. DRI-ONE® meets California Title 19 for fabric.
What is ASTM E2768?
ASTM E2768 is an extended, 30-minute version of the E84 tunnel test. The building code uses it to qualify fire-retardant-treated wood: flame spread index of 25 or less, and the flame front can’t go more than 10.5 feet past the burner’s centerline at any time during the test.

Class A on wood

DRI-ONE® meets ASTM E84 Class “A”.

And NFPA 701 and California Title 19 on fabric. See how to apply it on every material.

DRI-ONE® Liquid SolutionSizes & calculator

Desert Research Institute, Inc. Founded in Arizona in 1958. Maker of DRI-ONE® Flame Retardant Liquid Solution. Made in the USA.

Headquarters

Desert Research Institute, Inc.
29455 N. Cave Creek Rd #118630
Cave Creek, AZ 85331
(480) 964-0200
drione.fr@gmail.com
Mon–Fri 6:00am–3:30pm (Arizona time)

Learn

  • What is flame retardant?
  • Fire retardant terms
  • DRI-ONE® liquid solution
  • Other DRI-ONE® products
  • Fire retardant spray sizes

Buy DRI-ONE®

  • Shop at DRI-ONE.com
  • DRI-ONE® on Amazon
  • Treatment service
© 2026 Desert Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.DRI-ONE® is a registered trademark of Desert Research Institute, Inc.
Desert Research Institute, Inc. America’s Fire Retardant Since 1958 · Cave Creek, Arizona · (480) 964-0200
  • Home
  • What Is Flame Retardant
  • Industry Terms
  • DRI-ONE® Liquid Solution
  • Other DRI-ONE® Products
  • Fire Retardant Spray

DRI-ONE® · Made by Desert Research Institute, Inc. · Since 1958

DRI-ONE® Flame Retardant Liquid Solution

Class A flame retardant liquid flame protection for raw wood, natural fabric, thatch, foam and other absorbent materials. Water-based. Non-toxic. No mixing. Made in the USA since 1958.

Sizes & how much you need How to apply it
ASTM E84 · Class “A”Wood · Steiner Tunnel Test
NFPA 701Fabric
CA Title 19Fabric
Zero PBDEsNon-toxic · Non-hazardous

Spec sheet at a glance

The numbers that matter on the job

Lumber coverage200sq ft per gallon, 60+ year field average
Textile coverage140sq ft per gallon, typical average
Coats2the standard, dry between coats
Apply at50–85°F10–29°C, dry weather
MixingNoneready to use from the container
FinishClearno odor, paint or stain over it

What it is

An all-in-one flame retardant for absorbent materials

DRI-ONE® is a water-based flame retardant liquid solution made by Desert Research Institute, Inc. in Arizona. It’s formulated to protect, penetrate and bond to the cellular structure of absorbent materials: raw wood, plywood, natural fabric, thatch, soft foam and more. It doesn’t sit on top as a film. It soaks in.

Once it dries it’s clear and odorless, so the material looks and handles the same. Treated wood takes sealers, stains, primers and paint normally. Treated fabric keeps its hand. And when a flame hits it, the treated material resists ignition and stops flame from running across the surface.

That’s why Fire Marshals and building officials in major metropolitan areas across the United States, and in many other countries, have recognized DRI-ONE® for more than six decades.

Agency approval

Certifications, in DRI’s own words

  • Meets ASTM E-84 Flame Spread Test Class “A” for wood, also known as the Steiner Tunnel Test. Similar methods: ANSI 2.5, NFPA No. 255, UBC No. 42-1 and UL No. 723.
  • Meets NFPA 701 and California Administrative Code, Title 19 for Class One rating on fabric.
  • Registered with the California State Fire Marshal, #C-027580.

Where it’s used

Government buildings · Daycares and schools · Nuclear facilities · Private homes · Commercial fit-outs · Drapes, curtains and upholstery · Plywood including ¾” stock · Thatch roofing

Application method selector

How to apply DRI-ONE® on your material

Pick the material. You get the method, the coats, the coverage and the warnings. Two coats is the standard.

Recommended

Wood, lumber and plywood

Method
Spray, roll, brush, airless sprayer, or submerge unfinished wood. For yard or mill quantities, use a 30-second dip tank.
Coats
2 coats is the standard. Let the first dry thoroughly before the second.
Coverage
200 sq ft per gallon, the average across more than 60 years of DRI field data on lumber and similar materials.
Know this
Tested to ASTM E84 for a Class A flame spread rating on wood. Surface must be clean, dry and free of oils. Won’t work on wood already sealed, painted, stained or water-repelled. Once cured, treated wood takes sealer, stain, primer and paint normally. A green colorant can be added so treated wood is easy to identify. Outdoor decks and fencing: use DRI-ONE® Exterior Protection.
Recommended

Natural fabric, textiles and paper

Method
Spray, roll, brush or dip.
Coats
2 coats. Heavy or dense fabric needs both sides treated to saturate. Dry thoroughly between coats.
Coverage
140 sq ft per gallon, the typical average on textiles.
Know this
Meets NFPA 701 and California Title 19. Test a small piece first and watch for shrinkage or changes in texture or appearance. Retreat right after every wash. Fabric in direct sun needs retreatment every year; fabric protected from sun can go up to 5 years.
Recommended

Foam and upholstery

Method
Spray, saturating evenly.
Coats
2 coats. Dry fully between coats.
Know this
Soft foam is one of the absorbent materials DRI-ONE® is made for. Always test a small hidden area first to check absorption and finish before you treat the whole piece.
Test first

Synthetics and unique absorbent materials

Method
Spray a small sample first. Synthetics vary too much to guess, so each one gets tested on its own. That includes sponge-type materials.
Coats
2 coats on the test sample and on the full job. Note any shrinkage or change in texture or appearance.
Know this
Fire-test the dried sample: hold a flame to it, then pull the flame away. It should not keep burning, smoke should stop, and the test spot will look charred. Dense material may need both sides treated. The treatment washes out of washable synthetics and must be reapplied.
Use caution

Thatch and dead vegetation

Method
Spray evenly with a pump sprayer or airless sprayer, covering the full surface top and bottom. Also used for wildfire defensible space on dead vegetation.
Coats
2 coats, drying fully between them.
Coverage
200 sq ft per gallon, applied liberally.
Know this
Not every thatch species responds the same. Natural waxes and oils in some species can cut flame resistance even when the product soaks in, so treatment may reduce flame spread without stopping it. Fire-test a treated sample before a big job. Retest every 1–2 years and after any heavy rain. Allow 4–5 days of drying on large thatch projects.
Recommended

Shake roofs

Method
Spray. Works even on shakes treated with linseed oil 5 or more years ago.
Coats
2 coats, both sides where you can reach.
Know this
DRI-ONE® leaches out of a shake roof over time. Fire-test and plan on retreating every 3–5 years.
Not effective

Painted, sealed or finished surfaces

Why
DRI-ONE® has to penetrate the material to work. Paint, sealer, stain and water repellent block it.
Do this
Treat the raw material first. Let it dry completely. Then paint, stain, seal or prime.
Not compatible

Metal and hard, non-porous surfaces

Why
DRI-ONE® only works on porous, absorbent material. There’s nothing on raw metal or glass for it to bond to.
Do this
Cover metal and hard surfaces before spraying nearby. Wipe any overspray with a damp cloth or clear water.
Do not use

Living plants

Why
DRI-ONE® can burn living plants on contact.
Do this
Cover plants near your work area. If overspray hits a plant, rinse it right away with clear water.

Prove it works

The field fire test

Every job gets tested. It takes a minute and it’s the same idea as an NFPA 701 field test.

  1. Let it dry completely. Test only after the treated piece is thoroughly dry.
  2. Hold a flame to a test piece. A match, lighter or butane lighter works.
  3. Remove the flame and count. The treated material must self-extinguish within 2 seconds.
  4. Retest on schedule. Every 3–5 years in general. If the protection is gone, reapply.

Weather

Apply in the right conditions

  • Ideal temperature is 50°F to 85°F (10°C to 29°C).
  • Below 50°F, drying slows down a lot and the treatment is less effective.
  • Never apply or dry it in freezing temperatures. DRI-ONE® is water-based, and freezing changes the formula.
  • Apply in dry weather. Rain and high humidity slow drying and curing.
  • Check the forecast first, and give it extra drying time near 50°F.

Retreatment

How long DRI-ONE® protection lasts

Indoors and protected, a long time. Exposed to sun, rain or the washing machine, less. Here’s the schedule.

Material & exposureFire-test and retreat
Fabric that gets washedRight after every wash
Fabric in direct sun / UVEvery year
Fabric protected from sunUp to 5 years
Thatch and dead vegetationEvery 1–2 years, and after heavy rain
Shake roofsEvery 3–5 years
General treated materialRetest every 3–5 years

Quick answers

DRI-ONE® liquid solution questions

Does DRI-ONE® work on 3/4″ plywood?
Yes. DRI-ONE® is applied by spray, brush or dip and penetrates untreated plywood of standard thicknesses, including 3/4″, to meet Class A flame spread. It’s a surface-applied treatment, so it works on lumber you already have on site.
Is DRI-ONE® safe and non-toxic?
Yes. DRI-ONE® is water-based, non-toxic and non-hazardous with zero PBDEs. It’s used in daycares, schools, homes and government buildings. Keep it off living plants, and read the safety data sheet before use.
Do I need to mix or dilute DRI-ONE®?
No. It’s ready to use straight from the container. Spray, brush, roll or dip it on. It dries clear.
Can I paint or stain over DRI-ONE®?
Yes, once it is fully cured. Treated wood accepts sealers, stains, undercoats, primers and paint normally. Always apply DRI-ONE® to the raw material first.
How many coats of DRI-ONE® do I need?
Two coats is the standard. Let the first coat dry thoroughly before applying the second. Dense fabric needs both sides treated.
Is DRI-ONE® approved for thatch roofing?
DRI-ONE® treats thatch and other natural, untreated organic material. Coverage is about 200 sq ft per gallon, applied liberally. Some species respond better than others, so fire-test a treated sample first and retest every 1 to 2 years.

Order DRI-ONE®

From a 32 oz sprayer to a 275-gallon tote.

Free shipping to the lower 48 states at DRI-ONE.com, or order on Amazon.

Sizes & coverage calculatorShop DRI-ONE.com

Desert Research Institute, Inc. Founded in Arizona in 1958. Maker of DRI-ONE® Flame Retardant Liquid Solution. Made in the USA.

Headquarters

Desert Research Institute, Inc.
29455 N. Cave Creek Rd #118630
Cave Creek, AZ 85331
(480) 964-0200
drione.fr@gmail.com
Mon–Fri 6:00am–3:30pm (Arizona time)

Learn

  • What is flame retardant?
  • Fire retardant terms
  • DRI-ONE® liquid solution
  • Other DRI-ONE® products
  • Fire retardant spray sizes

Buy DRI-ONE®

  • Shop at DRI-ONE.com
  • DRI-ONE® on Amazon
  • Treatment service
© 2026 Desert Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.DRI-ONE® is a registered trademark of Desert Research Institute, Inc.
Desert Research Institute, Inc. America’s Fire Retardant Since 1958 · Cave Creek, Arizona · (480) 964-0200
  • Home
  • What Is Flame Retardant
  • Industry Terms
  • DRI-ONE® Liquid Solution
  • Other DRI-ONE® Products
  • Fire Retardant Spray

The DRI-ONE® line · Desert Research Institute, Inc.

More From DRI-ONE®: Exterior Protection & Services

DRI-ONE® Flame Retardant Liquid Solution is where we started in 1958. Here’s the rest of the line, the services behind it, and a quick tool to tell you which one fits your job.

Product chooser

Which DRI-ONE® product do you need?

Two questions. One straight answer.

1. Where is it?

2. What is it?

The line

DRI-ONE® products and services

Outdoor wood & textiles

DRI-ONE® Exterior Protection

A non-toxic, non-hazardous fire retardant formulated for outdoor use: raw lumber, decking, fencing, end-cuts, thatch, dead vegetation and exterior textiles. Built for small DIY home and school projects up to full commercial jobs.

  • Class “A” flame spread rating per ASTM E-84, as stated on the DRI-ONE® Exterior Protection product label
  • Dries clear, no odor, water-based
  • 200 sq ft per gallon on lumber, 140 on natural textiles
  • Spray, roll, brush, airless sprayer or submerge. 2 coats is the standard.
  • Not recommended for interior fabric. Use standard DRI-ONE® indoors.

Sizes: 1 gallon · 5-gallon pail · 55-gallon drum · 275-gallon tote

Our original

DRI-ONE® Flame Retardant Liquid Solution

The all-in-one flame retardant for interior raw wood, natural fabric, foam, thatch and other absorbent materials. ASTM E84 Class “A” on wood. NFPA 701 and California Title 19 on fabric.

  • From 32 oz sprayers to 275-gallon totes
  • Water-based, zero PBDEs
  • No mixing, dries clear

Full details

Done for you

Professional treatment service

Let us treat it. We handle bulk orders of fabric and lumber and treat to the standard your inspector asks for. Expedited turnaround is available for an added fee.

Request a treatment quote

For the trade

Become a certified DRI-ONE® supplier

Lumber yards, fabricators, fire protection contractors and distributors: get volume pricing, certification and territory.

Become DRI certified

Side by side

DRI-ONE® vs. DRI-ONE® Exterior Protection

DRI-ONE®DRI-ONE® Exterior Protection
Made forInterior raw wood, natural fabric, foam, thatch, absorbent materialsOutdoor lumber, decking, fencing, end-cuts, thatch, dead vegetation, exterior textiles
Interior fabricYes, NFPA 701 and CA Title 19Not recommended
Wood ratingASTM E84 Class “A”ASTM E84 Class “A” (per product label)
Coverage200 sq ft/gal lumber · 140 textiles200 sq ft/gal lumber · 140 textiles
Coats2 (standard)2 (standard)
Sizes32 oz sprayer, multi-packs, 1 gal, 5 gal, 55 gal, 275 gal1 gal, 5 gal, 55 gal, 275 gal

Quick answers

Product questions

What fire retardant should I use on a deck or fence?
Use DRI-ONE® Exterior Protection. It’s formulated for outdoor lumber, decking and fencing. Apply 2 coats to clean, raw wood in dry weather between 50°F and 85°F, and fire-test on a regular schedule since weather pulls any treatment out over time.
Can I use Exterior Protection on curtains or indoor fabric?
No. DRI-ONE® Exterior Protection is not recommended for interior fabric. Use standard DRI-ONE® Flame Retardant Liquid Solution, which meets NFPA 701 and California Title 19 on fabric.
Can DRI treat my material for me?
Yes. Our professional treatment service handles bulk orders of fabric and lumber, with expedited turnaround available for an added fee. Call (480) 964-0200 for pricing and scheduling.

Ready to order

See every size and work out how much you need.

Sizes & calculatorCall (480) 964-0200

Desert Research Institute, Inc. Founded in Arizona in 1958. Maker of DRI-ONE® Flame Retardant Liquid Solution. Made in the USA.

Headquarters

Desert Research Institute, Inc.
29455 N. Cave Creek Rd #118630
Cave Creek, AZ 85331
(480) 964-0200
drione.fr@gmail.com
Mon–Fri 6:00am–3:30pm (Arizona time)

Learn

  • What is flame retardant?
  • Fire retardant terms
  • DRI-ONE® liquid solution
  • Other DRI-ONE® products
  • Fire retardant spray sizes

Buy DRI-ONE®

  • Shop at DRI-ONE.com
  • DRI-ONE® on Amazon
  • Treatment service
© 2026 Desert Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.DRI-ONE® is a registered trademark of Desert Research Institute, Inc.
Desert Research Institute, Inc. America’s Fire Retardant Since 1958 · Cave Creek, Arizona · (480) 964-0200
  • Home
  • What Is Flame Retardant
  • Industry Terms
  • DRI-ONE® Liquid Solution
  • Other DRI-ONE® Products
  • Fire Retardant Spray

DRI-ONE® · Fire retardant spray & flame retardant spray

Fire Retardant Spray for Wood & Fabric

DRI-ONE® comes ready to spray, from a 32 oz trigger sprayer for a single project up to a 275-gallon tote for a production line. Class “A” on wood under ASTM E84. NFPA 701 on fabric. Figure out exactly how much you need below.

Calculate gallonsShop DRI-ONE.com

Coverage calculator

How much fire retardant spray do you need?

Pick the surface, enter the square footage, and you’ll get the gallons and the containers to order. The math uses DRI’s averages from more than 60 years of field data: 200 sq ft per gallon on lumber and similar materials, 140 sq ft per gallon on natural textiles, with 2 coats as the standard.

Coverage changes with how porous and how dry the material is and how you apply it. Dense fabric needs both sides treated. For a firm quote on a big job, call (480) 964-0200.

DRI-ONE® coverage calculator

Estimates from 68+ years of field data.

Surface

Calculate from length × width
×

You’ll need about

6 gallons

Recommended order

    Every size

    DRI-ONE® sizes and what each one covers

    Coverage below uses DRI’s field averages: 200 sq ft per gallon on lumber, 140 on textiles. Prices and free shipping to the lower 48 are on DRI-ONE.com.

    SizeVolumeCovers woodCovers fabricBest for
    Quart sprayer (32 oz)0.25 gal~50 sq ft~35 sq ftCostumes, a set of drapes, small DIY projects
    Quart sprayer packs (4 · 6 · 12)1 · 1.5 · 3 gal~200 · 300 · 600 sq ft~140 · 210 · 420 sq ftCrews, classrooms, retail resale
    1 gallon jug1 gal~200 sq ft~140 sq ftA room of plywood, a stage curtain
    Combo: 1 gallon + 1 quart sprayer1.25 gal~250 sq ft~175 sq ftRefill the sprayer from the jug
    4-pack of 1 gallon jugs4 gal~800 sq ft~560 sq ftMid-size jobs, easy handling
    5 gallon pail5 gal~1,000 sq ft~700 sq ftContractors, sprayer rigs
    55 gallon drum55 gal~11,000 sq ft~7,700 sq ftLumber yards, theaters, large fit-outs
    275 gallon tote275 gal~55,000 sq ft~38,500 sq ftProduction, dip tanks, distributors

    Treating outdoor decks, fences or exterior textiles? Use DRI-ONE® Exterior Protection, in 1, 5, 55 and 275 gallon sizes.

    How to spray it

    Spray, brush, roll or dip

    DRI-ONE® is a flame retardant spray that doesn’t need a special rig. A trigger sprayer handles small jobs, a pump sprayer or airless spray gun handles walls, roofs and thatch, and a 30-second dip tank handles lumber by the bundle.

    • Start with raw, clean, dry material. No paint, sealer or oil.
    • Apply 2 coats, the standard. Let the first dry thoroughly before the second.
    • Spray between 50°F and 85°F in dry weather. Never in freezing temperatures.
    • Cover metal and living plants. Wipe or rinse overspray.
    • Fire-test a dry piece. Flame must go out within 2 seconds.

    Material-by-material instructions

    Where to buy

    Order direct at DRI-ONE.com

    Every size, from the quart sprayer to the 275-gallon tote. Free shipping to the lower 48 states.

    Shop DRI-ONE.com

    Order on Amazon

    DRI-ONE® quart sprayers, gallons and multi-packs ship through the DRI-ONE® store on Amazon.

    DRI-ONE® on Amazon

    Need volume pricing?

    Lumber yards, fabricators and contractors: call (480) 964-0200 or apply to become a certified DRI-ONE® supplier.

    Quick answers

    Fire retardant spray questions

    How much fire retardant spray do I need?
    Divide your square footage by the coverage rate. DRI-ONE® averages 200 sq ft per gallon on lumber and similar materials and 140 sq ft per gallon on natural textiles. 1,000 sq ft of plywood takes about 5 gallons. Use the calculator on this page for container recommendations.
    What is the best fire retardant spray for wood?
    Look for a spray that meets ASTM E84 Class A on wood, soaks into raw wood instead of forming a film, and lets you paint or stain afterward. DRI-ONE® meets ASTM E84 Class “A” for wood, is water-based and non-toxic, and has been made in Arizona since 1958.
    What flame retardant spray works on fabric and curtains?
    For drapes, curtains and natural fabric, use a spray that meets NFPA 701, the standard inspectors check for fabric in public spaces. DRI-ONE® meets NFPA 701 and California Title 19 on fabric. Test a small piece first and retreat after every wash.
    Is fire retardant spray safe to use indoors?
    DRI-ONE® is water-based, non-toxic and non-hazardous with zero PBDEs, and it’s used in daycares, schools and homes. Ventilate as you would for any spray project and read the safety data sheet first.
    Does rain wash off fire retardant spray?
    Over time, yes. Outdoors, rain and sun pull treatments out of the material. That’s why outdoor wood should be fire-tested and retreated on schedule, and why DRI-ONE® Exterior Protection exists for decks, fencing and exterior textiles.

    America’s fire retardant since 1958

    Made in Arizona. Shipped to your job.

    Shop DRI-ONE.comCall (480) 964-0200

    Desert Research Institute, Inc. Founded in Arizona in 1958. Maker of DRI-ONE® Flame Retardant Liquid Solution. Made in the USA.

    Headquarters

    Desert Research Institute, Inc.
    29455 N. Cave Creek Rd #118630
    Cave Creek, AZ 85331
    (480) 964-0200
    drione.fr@gmail.com
    Mon–Fri 6:00am–3:30pm (Arizona time)

    Learn

    • What is flame retardant?
    • Fire retardant terms
    • DRI-ONE® liquid solution
    • Other DRI-ONE® products
    • Fire retardant spray sizes

    Buy DRI-ONE®

    • Shop at DRI-ONE.com
    • DRI-ONE® on Amazon
    • Treatment service
    © 2026 Desert Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.DRI-ONE® is a registered trademark of Desert Research Institute, Inc.

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